Mahatma Gandhi and the National Movement - Question and answers

 

Mahatma Gandhi and the National Movement

1.    Which period of Indian history is known as ‘Gandhian era’ and why?

Answer:- The period from 1919 to 1948 is known as Gandhian era. Because Gandhiji Completely dominated the Indian National Movement during this particular time.

2.    Who formed the natal Indian congress and where was it formed?

Answer:- The Natal Indian Congress was formed by Gandhiji and it was formed in South Africa.

3.    Define the term Satyagraha.

Answer:- The term Satyagraha is made up of two Sanskrit words- Satya (truth) and Agraha (insistence to hold fast). According to Gandhiji, it was a moral force born of truth and non-violence. It meant to be fearless, truthful as well as peaceful, suffering willingly while refusing to what is wrong.

4.    Define the term Swadeshi.

Answer:- Swadeshi means producing necessary items in one’s own country and using them for one’s use without being depending on imported goods.

5.    In which year was the Rowlatt Act passed?

Answer:- The Rowlatt Act was passed in 1919.

6.    What was said by Rowlatt Act?

Answer:- The Rowlatt Act implied the following:-

i.                   Arrest of a person without warrant.

ii.                 In camera Trial (trial in seclusion).

iii.              Restriction on movements of individuals.

iv.              Suspension of the Right of Habeas Corpus.

 

 

7.    Why was the Rowlatt Act passed?

Answer:- The Rowlatt Act was passed to curb the growing nationalist upsurge in the country.

 

8.    Who was Caliph?

Answer:- Caliph was the Sultan of Turkey. He was the religious head of Muslims.

9.    Name the leaders who started the Khilafat Movement in India.

Answer:- The Leaders who started the Khilafat Movement in India were- Ali Brothers, Maulana Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan and Hasrat Ali.

10.                       Name the Ali Brothers.

Answer:- The Ali Brothers were- Mohammed Ali and Shaukat Ali.

11.                       Mention the main programs of Khilafat Movement.

Answer:- The Khilafatists formed a three-point programme, like:-

i.                   The Ottoman Caliph should retain his empire.

ii.                 The Caliph must be lest with sufficient territory to enable him to defend the Islamic faith.

iii.              The Arab lands must remain under the Muslim rule.

12.                       Name the three events which compelled Gandhiji to turn

          into a non-cooperator form a cooperator with the British

          Government.

          Answer:- The three events which compelled Gandhiji to turn

          into a non- cooperator from a cooperator from a cooperator

          with the British Government were- Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala

          Bagh Tragedy and Khilafat Movement.

13.                       Which day was observed as the Khilafat Day?

Answer:- October 17, 1919 was observed as the Khilafat Day.

 

14.                       When was the Non-Cooperation Movement began and by  

          whom?

Answer:- The Non-Cooperation Movement began in 1920 by Gandhiji.

 

15.                       What was the purpose of the Rowlatt Act?

Answer:- The purpose of the Rowlatt Act was to curb the growing nationalist upsurge in the country.

16.                       How did the Indians follow the Non-Cooperation Movement?

Answer:- The Indians followed the Non-Cooperation Movement through Swadeshi and Boycott programme.

17.                       When did the Jalianwala Bagh Tragedy occur?

Answer:- The Jalianwala Bagh tragedy occurred on April 13, 1919.

18.                       Who gave the firing order at Jalianwala Bagh?

Answer:- General Dyer, the military Commander of Amritsar gave the firing order at Jalianwala Bagh.

19.                       Who was known as ‘Frontier Gandhi’?

Answer:- Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was known as ‘Frontier Gandhi’.

20.                       Name the universities that were set up during the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Answer:- The Universities that were set up during the Non-Cooperation Movement were- Bihar Vidyapith, Kashi Vidyapith Jamia Milia Islamia.

21.                       Why was the Non-Cooperation Movement called off?

Answer:- The Non-Cooperation Movement was called off due to violence of Chauri Chura.

22.                       What is meant by the word ‘Swaraj’?

Answer:- The word ‘Swaraj’ means ‘Self Rule’.

 

23.                       How did Gandhiji involve Indian Masses in the National Movement?

Answer:- Gandhiji was able to motivate people through his speeches and deeds. He could able to draw the attention of the masses through his charismatic personality, Satyagraha, Non-violence. He could able to engage the common people in the movements started by him. He gave equal importance to all sections of society. Thus, he involved the Indian masses in the National Movement.